TUGAS
KELOMPOK SOFTSKILL KELAS 4EB10 MINGGU 1
Anggota:
Dewi
Kencanawati (21210903)
Dila
Noviyanti (22210015)
Ericha
Dian (22210387)
Ferizah
Meizarsio (22210742)
Yuliana
Eka Putri (28210752)
1. Untuk mahasiswa etika apa saja yang
dilanggar ? akibat dan konsekuensinya apa ?
Jawab:
a.) Tidak mendengarkan dosen yang sedang
menerangkan
- Akibatnya : Mahasiswa jadi kurang paham dan tidak
mengerti tentang apa yang dibahas dalam mata kuliah tersebut.
- Konsekuensinya : Mahasiswa harus belajar kepada
teman yang telah memahami materi yang diterangkan.
b.) Melakukan demo yang anarkis
- Akibatnya : Banyak berjatuhan korban, nama baik
kampus tercemar, meresahkan masyarakat, serta merusak fasilitas.
- Konsekuensinya : Mahasiswa harus terima jika
dipanggil bahkan dikeluarkan dari kampus secara paksa.
c.) Mencontek saat ujian
- Akibatnya : ketahuan oleh dosen pengawas.
- Konsekuensinya : Mahasiswa harus siap mendapat nilai E, dan
namanya akan dimasukan kedalam berita acara perkuliahan.
2. Etika yang ada pada daerah suatu daerah. Disini
akan dijelaskan etika yang ada di daerah Jawa, Bali dan Sunda.
* Pada daerah Jawa :
a.
Sikap Batin yang Tepat
Dalam
masyarakat Jawa terdapat sebuah ajaran moral yang oleh Magnis disebut sebagai
“sikap batin yang tepat” yakni sebuah pendirian batin untuk selalu
mengendalikan hawa nafsu dan egoisme (pamrih: mendahulukan kepentingan
pribadi di atas kepentingan umum).
b.
Tindakan yang Tepat dalam Dunia
Dari
konsep mengenai “sikap batin yang tepat” muncullah sebuah pandangan dalam
masyarakat Jawa bahwa manusia jangan mengikat diri pada dunia akan tetapi
membebaskan diri dari dunia, namun demikian bukan berarti menarik diri dari
dunia. Dari satu pemahaman tersebut kemudian sampailah pada suatu ungkapan “rame
ing gawe, sepi ing pamrih dan memayu hayuning bawana”. Yang
dimaksud rame ing gawe yakni kewajiban untuk bekerja keras, sementara sepi
ing pamrih berarti jauh dari sifat-sifat egois. Bila kedua ungkapan
tersebut digabung melahirkan sebuah pengertian bahwa orang Jawa hendaknya
selalu bekerja keras namun juga harus mengindari pamrih (imbalan).
Kemudian memayu hayuning bawana ialah memperindah kehidupan dunia
dalam keselarasan kosmos.
c.
Pengertian yang Tepat
Pandangan
Jawa mengenai sikap batin dan tidakan yang tepat didasari atas pemahaman
tentang tempat yang tepat. Barang siapa yang memahami tempatnya dalam
masyarakat, ia juga memiliki sikap batin yang tepat dan dengan demikian akan
bertindak tepat.
*Pada daerah Bali :
a. Dalam
perkawinan adat Bali, dipengaruhi oleh dadia atau klen dan kasta. Perkawinan
yang ideal bila mana pemuda dan gadis dari satu dadia atau setidaknya mempunyai
kasta yang sama. Sebaiknya anak gadianya tidak menikahi pemuda yang kastanya
lebih rendah bila ini terjadi akan mepermalukan keluarga.
Dan
dalam adat perkawinan bali ada pantangan yang tidak boleh di langgar yaitu
saudara perempuan seorang suami tidak boleh kawin dengan saudara laki-laki
istri bola dilanggar akan mendatangkan bencana. Dan perkawinan yang di pantang
pula adalah bibi atau paman yang menikah dengan keponakan, saudara kandung atau
tiri.
b. Pada saat hari nyepi dilarang keluar rumah,
hotel atau penginapan . Dilarang menyalakan lampu di malam hari dan api.
c.
Larangan Saat Berkunjung ke Pura
- Wanita yang sedang menstruasi atau habis
melahirkan dilarang masuk ke lingkungan Pura.
- Dilarang mengenakan celana pendek. Bagi yang
mengenakan celana pendek bisa memakai sarung yang biasanya disediakan di luar Pura.
- Jangan berjalan di depan orang yang sedang
sembahyang atau melakukan ritual agama.
- Jangan memotret orang yang sedang
bersembahyang atau pendeta yang memimpin doa dengan menggunakan flash
(cahaya kilat).
d. Etika dan Kesopanan di Bali
- Hindari menyentuh lawan bicara saat sedang
berinteraksi.
- Jangan
buang air di sembarang tempat. Beberapa pohon di Bali dianggap sakral, biasanya
ditandai dengan ikatan kain dan sesajen, dan dipercaya sebagai tempat tinggal
dari makhluk dunia lain.
- Jangan mengejek arca (patung), topeng, atau
benda adat dan kesenian Bali.
- Hormati penduduk lokal dengan berperilaku
sopan dan santun.
Itulah berbagai pantangan, larangan, dan etika kesopanan saat
berwisata ke Bali
*Pada daerah Sunda :
a. Jika lewat di depan rumah seseorang, dan
kebetulan orangnya ada di beranda rumah atau kelihatan, seseorang yang lewat
harus mengucapkan “punten/permisi”.
b. Jika lewat di depan orang yang jauh lebih tua dan
jaraknya dekat, misalnya dalam suatu pertemuan atau riungan, maka diharuskan
untuk membungkukan badan dengan tangan kanan lebih rendah daripada tangan kiri
seolah-olah tangan kanan sedang memungut sesuatu sambil mengucapkan
“punten/permisi”.
c. Ketika
makan, tidak boleh ada suara dari mulut ketika mengunyah.
d. Tidak
kentut di depan orang yang lebih tua atau di depan orang, apalagi seorang
gadis/wanita, sangat dipantang.
e. Diharamkan
memanggil yang lebih tua dengan namanya!!
f. Jika orang
tua sedang berkumpul apalagi kedatangan tamu, anak kecil tidak boleh nimbrung
j. Kalau berbicara dengan orang tua, tidak boleh
memandang mata dan usahakan untuk mendengarkan dulu.
Sumber
:
1. What kind of ethics which are usually violated by
students? And what are the consequences?
Answer:
a.) Ignoring the lecturer’s lessons in class
- Effects: Students could have some difficulties on understanding the courses.
- Consequences: Students have to ask to their friends who are able to re-explain the courses.
b.) Perform the anarchist demonstration
- Effects: could cause the casualties, could taint the reputation of university, generate social unrest, and ruin the general facilities.
- Consequences: Students should take the responsibilities when they are summoned by the police, they also could be expelled from campus.
c.) Cheating during exams
- Effect: get caught by the supervisor.
- Consequences: Students could get the worst mark and his name will be written into lecture official reports.
2. Ethics that exist in some regions. In this case ethics in Java, Bali and Sunda.
* In the region of Java:
a. Right Mental Attitude
In the Javanese society there is a moral teaching that is referred to as "the right mental attitude" by Magnis, a mental standpoint to always control the passions and egoism. (In Javanese language, pamrih : prioritizing personal interests above the public interest) .
Answer:
a.) Ignoring the lecturer’s lessons in class
- Effects: Students could have some difficulties on understanding the courses.
- Consequences: Students have to ask to their friends who are able to re-explain the courses.
b.) Perform the anarchist demonstration
- Effects: could cause the casualties, could taint the reputation of university, generate social unrest, and ruin the general facilities.
- Consequences: Students should take the responsibilities when they are summoned by the police, they also could be expelled from campus.
c.) Cheating during exams
- Effect: get caught by the supervisor.
- Consequences: Students could get the worst mark and his name will be written into lecture official reports.
2. Ethics that exist in some regions. In this case ethics in Java, Bali and Sunda.
* In the region of Java:
a. Right Mental Attitude
In the Javanese society there is a moral teaching that is referred to as "the right mental attitude" by Magnis, a mental standpoint to always control the passions and egoism. (In Javanese language, pamrih : prioritizing personal interests above the public interest) .
b . Right Actions in the Daily Activities
From the concept of "the right mental attitude" comes a sight of the Javanese society that humans do not bind itself to the world but to free themselves from the world, however, it does not mean that they should withdraw themself from the world. Those concept will lead to an expression “rame ing gawe, sepi ing pamrih dan memayu hayuning bawana”. The meaning of rame ing gawe is obligation to work hard, while sepi ing pamrih means avoid the selfish traits. If both expressions are combined, they will generate a sense that the Javanese should always work hard but also have to avoid the greediness to get a reward. The last sentence, memayu hayuning bawana means that beautify the world in harmony of the cosmos.
c . The Right Understanding
Javanese sight of the inner attitude and appropriate actions based on the understanding of the right places. Those who understands his place in society, would also has the right mental attitude and therefore will act appropriately.
* In the region of Bali:
a. Balinese traditional marriage is influenced by dadia or clan and caste. The ideal marriage happens when where bride and groom are from the same dadia or at least have the same caste.The girls should not marry a lower caste boy since it will embarrass the family.
In balinese traditional wedding there are some restrictions that can not be violated. The sisters of the grooms can not marry with the brothers of his wife because the violation of this law could bring disaster. Another restrictions are the marriage of an aunt or uncle with their nephew and a marriage among siblings or step brothers and sisters.
b . During Nyepi day people are prohibited to go outside of the house, hotel or inn. They also pprohibited to turn on the lights and fire at night.
c . Prohibition when visiting Pura
- Women who are menstruating or who had just gave a birth are forbidden to enter the temple environment.
- Women are prohibited to wear shorts. For those who wear shorts they heve to cover their legs with sarung cloth which are usually provided outside the temple.
- Do not walk in front of people who are praying or performing religious rituals.
- Do not take pictures of people who are praying or monk who leads prayers by using the flash light.
d. Ethics and Politeness in Bali
- Avoid touching the other person when you're interacting.
- Do not waste water in any place. Some trees are considered sacred in Bali, usually marked with fabric ties and offerings, and it is believed to be the residence of the other-worldly beings.
- Do not mock statue (sculpture), mask, or custom objects and Balinese art.
- Respect local residents by behaveing politely.
That are the various restrictions, prohibitions, and manners when traveling to Bali
* In the region of Sunda:
a. When we pass in front of someone's house and see the house owner coincidently, we are obliged say " Punten / permisi (excuse me)".
b . When we pass in front of people who are much older and in short distance with him/her, for example, in a meeting or room, it is required to bow and set our right hand lower than the left hand as if it pick up something while saying " Punten/ permisi (excuse me)" .
c . When we eat, there should be no sound from the mouth when chewing.
d . Do not fart in front of people who are older or in front of people, especially for a girl/woman, It is highly prohibited.
e . It is prohibited to call older people with his name.
f . When parents are gathering with their guests, children should not join the conversation.
j . When talking with parents, avoid eye contact and try to listen first.
Sources:
http://sosbud.kompasiana.com/2011/01/22/adab-sopan-santun-zaman-dulu-khususnya-adat-sunda-336775.html
http://nguts.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/etika-jawa/
http://www.voucherhotel.com/travel/pantangan-saat-berkunjung-ke-bali/
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